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Prof. Boerner's Explorations

Thoughts and Essays that explore the world of Technology, Computers, Photography, History and Family.

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Archive for November 28th, 2009
by Gerald Boerner

  

“Whatever roll of film I have, that’s what I’ll shoot.”
— Helen Levitt

“I don’t have kids and don’t know people who have ‘em.”
— Helen Levitt

“[Levitt was] unquestionably among the greatest photographers that ever lived…”
Thomas Roma, Friend

“Other than Cartier-Bresson? Maybe Lartigue, but he’s not really a street photographer. I like a lot of them [street photographers].”
— Helen Levitt

“Even now, fifty years after the first of her three exhibitions at The Museum of Modern Art in New York; Levitt remains what is known as a ‘photographer’s photographer.’ ”
— Maria Morris Hambourg

“Walker needed someone to go with him in the subway. I would just sit next to him, so we were just two people in the subway, so people wouldn’t stare at him. It was fun. He had a special trick.”
— Helen Levitt

“You might get the wrong impression about Helen Levitt from her photographs. They are dying to talk. She is not. She lives in a fifth-floor walk-up in Greenwich Village.”
— Sarah Boxer, New York Times Books

“The streets were crowded with all kinds of things going on, not just children. Everything was going on in the street in the summertime. They didn’t have air-conditioning. Everybody was out on the stoops, sitting outside, on chairs.”
— Helen Levitt

“Also, maybe in the classrooms they don’t use the chalk as much. They used to steal it. Not steal it, pocket it, as we all did. I don’t think I did. I still have chalk in the other room. It comes from the early days when we were making film. On the black thing, you’d write, Scene 1.”
— Helen Levitt

  

Note:
Helen Levitt passed on in May, 2009. A selection of her images and a very good interview and overview of her work, especially that completed during the 1930-1945 timeframe, is found in B&W magazine, Volume 11, No. 70 (October, 2009). Please take a look at this for additional information.

  

Helen Levitt (1913 – 2009)

PD*28374255 Helen Levitt was an American photographer. She was particularly noted for "street photography" around New York City, and has been called "the most celebrated and least known photographer of her time.

Levitt grew up in Brooklyn. Dropping out of high school, she taught herself photography while working for a commercial photographer. While teaching some classes in art to children in 1937, Levitt became intrigued with the transitory chalk drawings that were part of the New York children’s street culture of the time. She purchased a Leica camera and began to photograph these works, as well as the children who made them. The resulting photographs were ultimately published in 1987 as In The Street: chalk drawings and messages, New York City 1938–1948.

Levitt_NYC 1940 She associated with Walker Evans in 1938-39. In 1943, Edward Steichen curated her first solo exhibition "Helen Levitt: Photographs of Children" at the Museum of Modern Art. She subsequently began to find press work as a documentary photographer.

In 1959 and 1960, Levitt received two Guggenheim Foundation grants to take color photographs on the streets of New York, and she returned to still photography. In 1965 she published her first major collection, A Way of Seeing. Much of her work in color from the 1960s was stolen in a 1970 burglary of her East 13th Street apartment. The remaining photos, and others taken in the following years, can be seen in the 2005 book Slide Show: The Color Photographs of Helen Levitt. In 1976, she was a Photography Fellow of the National Endowment for the Arts.

Click on the image below to access the Slide Show.

Levitt_Slide_Show_Cover

In the late 1940s, Levitt made two documentary films with Janice Loeb and James Agee: In the Street (1948) and The Quiet One (1948). Levitt, along with Loeb and Sidney Meyers, received an Academy Award nomination for the screenplay of The Quiet One. Levitt was active in film making for nearly 25 years; her final film credit is as an editor for John Cohen’s documentary The End of an Old Song (1972). Levitt’s other film credits include the cinematography on The Savage Eye (1960), which was produced by Ben Maddow, Meyers, and Joseph Strick, and also as an assistant director for Strick and Maddow’s film version of Genet’s play The Balcony (1963). In her biographical essay, Maria Hambourg writes that Levitt "has all but disinherited this part of her work."

Levitt_Grafitti 1 She lived in New York City and remained active as a photographer for nearly 70 years. New York’s "visual poet laureate" was notoriously private and publicity shy.

Levitt’s wonderfully candid black-and-white shots from the 1930s and 40s — of urban kids playing, and ordinary people going about their lives — have inspired generations of photographers. So it was a delight to be able to see so many of her original silver gelatin prints up-close.

Levitt_NYC 1939 Most surprising, for me however, was to discover her vintage dye-transfer color prints from the 60s through the 80s. The color is super-saturated and startling in its ability to evoke strong memories from that period. The wonderfully warm and humorous street theater is still present in these photos, but the luscious color itself almost steals the show.

Levitt was a pioneer of color photography, starting seriously in 1959, when she received a Guggenheim grant to explore her familiar territory, but shifting from black-and-white to color. Her grant was renewed for a second year in 1960, and she recorded hundreds of color images in these intense two years. Unfortunately, we will probably never see any of those photographs. A discreet burglar broke into her apartment in 1970, and stole almost all of her color transparencies and prints — and not much else.

  

Background and biographical information is from Wikipedia articles on:

Helen Levitt that can be found at…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Levitt

by Gerald Boerner

  

“She embodies the spirit of our work ethic: positive attitude, unyielding commitment, and resolved determination.”
— Unknown Author

“By 1945, more than 2.2 million women were working in the war industries, building ships, aircraft, vehicles, and weaponry.”
— Wikipedia on the “Women’s Roles in the World Wars”

“…the Rosie the Riveter Memorial: Honoring American Women’s Labor During WWII is the first in the nation to honor and interpret this important chapter of American history.”
— Rosie the Riveter, Home Front National Memorial Web Page

“I’m 83 years old now. I would appreciate it if you would check and find out that I was truly there and did my part to the end, and add my name to the women who did their part also…”
— Rosie the Riveter Memorial, in Marina Bay Park

“For the first time, the working woman dominated the public image. Women were riveting housewives in slacks, not mother, domestic beings, or civilizers.”
— Leila J. Rupp

“Rosie the Riveter” became the symbol of women laboring in manufacturing. The war effort brought about significant changes in the role of women in society as a whole.”
— Wikipedia on United States Home Front during World War II

Rosie the Riveter

We_Can_Do_It! Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in war factories during World War II, many of whom worked in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materiel. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who were in the military. The character is considered a feminist icon in the US.

History

The term “Rosie the Riveter” was first popularized in 1942 by a song of the same name written by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb. The song was recorded by numerous artists, including the popular big band leader Kay Kyser, and became a national hit. The song portrays “Rosie” as a tireless assembly line worker, doing her part to help the American war effort:

All the day long,
Whether rain or shine
She’s a part of the assembly line.
She’s making history,
Working for victory
Rosie the Riveter

Although real-life Rosie the Riveters took on male dominated trades during WWII, women were expected to return to their everyday housework once men returned from the war. Most women opted to do this. Later many women chose to return to traditional work such as clerical or administration positions.

Riverting_team2 Man and woman riveting team
working on the cockpit shell of a
C-47 aircraft at the plant of
North American Aviation.

Rosie the Riveter was most closely associated with a real woman, Rose Will Monroe, who was born in Pulaski County, Kentucky in 1920 and moved to Michigan during World War II. She worked as a riveter at the Willow Run Aircraft Factory in Ypsilanti, Michigan, building B-29 and B-24 bombers for the U.S. Army Air Forces. Monroe achieved her dream of piloting a plane at the age of 50 and her love of flying resulted in an accident that contributed to her death 19 years later. Monroe was asked to star in a promotional film about the war effort at home. The song “Rosie the Riveter” was popular at the time, and Monroe happened to best fit the description of the worker depicted in the song. Rosie went on to become perhaps the most widely recognized icon of that era. The films and posters she appeared in were used to encourage women to go to work in support of the war effort.

WomanFactory1940s A real-life “Rosie” at work

According to the Encyclopedia of American Economic History, the “Rosie the Riveter” movement increased the number of working American women to 20 million by 1944, a 57% increase from 1940. Although the image of “Rosie the Riveter” reflected the industrial work of welders and riveters during World War II, the majority of working women filled non-factory positions in every sector of the economy.What unified the experiences of these women was that they proved to themselves (and the country) that they could do a “man’s job” and could do it well. In 1942, just between the months of January and July, the estimates of the proportion of jobs that would be “acceptable” for women was raised by employers from 29 to 85%. African American women were some of those most affected by the need for women workers. It has been said that it was the process of whites working along blacks during the time that encouraged a breaking down of social barriers and a healthy recognition of diversity  African-Americans were able to lay the groundwork for the postwar civil rights revolution by equating segregation with Nazi white supremacist ideology.

Rosie_the_Riveter_(Vultee)_DS Conditions were sometimes harsh and pay was not always equal—the average man working in a wartime plant was paid $54.65 per week, while women were paid about $31.50. Nonetheless, women quickly responded to Rosie the Riveter, who convinced them they had a patriotic duty to enter the workforce. Some claim that she forever opened up the work force for women, but others dispute that point, noting that many women were discharged after the war and their jobs given to returning servicemen. Leila J. Rupp in her study of World War II wrote “For the first time, the working woman dominated the public image. Women were riveting housewives in slacks, not mother, domestic beings, or civilizers.”

Rosie_aerial View of Rosie the Riveter Memorial
with Richmond Marina and San
Francisco Bay in background. T
his site was formerly Kaiser
Shipyard No. 2.

After the war, the “Rosies” and the generations that followed them knew that working in the factories was in fact a possibility for women, even though they did not reenter the job market in such large proportions again until the 1970′s. By that time factory employment was in decline all over the country.

On October 14, 2000, the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was opened in Richmond, California, site of four Kaiser shipyards, where thousands of “Rosies” from around the country worked (although ships at the Kaiser yards were not riveted, but rather welded). Over 200 former Rosies attended the ceremony.

Other Events on this Day
  • In 1775…
    Captain Samuel Nicholas becomes the first officer commissioned in the Continental Marines (now the U.S. Marine Corps).
  • In 1895…
    The first auto race in the U.S. takes place, 52 miles between Chicago and Waukegan, Illinois, with the winner Frank Duryea averaging a speed of 7.5 miles per hour.
  • In 1919…
    Lady Nancy Astor, born in Danville, Virginia, becomes the first woman elected to the British Parliament.
  • In 1925…
    The Grand Ole Opry makes its radio debut on WSM in Nashville.
  • In 1942…
    Ford’s Willow Run plant in Michigan rolls out its first B-24 bomber.

Dates and events based on:

William J. Bennett and John Cribb, (2008) The American Patriot’s Almanac Daily Readings on America. (Kindle Edition)

Background information is from Wikipedia articles on:

Rosie the Riveter that can be found at…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter